{"id":324,"date":"2018-01-03T23:49:51","date_gmt":"2018-01-03T23:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/?p=324"},"modified":"2018-01-03T23:49:51","modified_gmt":"2018-01-03T23:49:51","slug":"exploring-the-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/exploring-the-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring the Data"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Today I spent some time exploring the data that I&#8217;ll be using for my thesis. I initially set a goal of an hour of work at around midday, but ended up doing about 3 hours. Instead of forcing the exploration, I gently meandered through, and once my set time was up I ended up continuing my work anyway.<\/p>\n<p>The data I&#8217;m using comes from a big Randomised Control Trial (RCT) done on the Activate! leadership program between 2013 and 2015. The data was collected as an investigation into the effectiveness of the program and the results were really positive. The paper hasn&#8217;t been published yet, but if you&#8217;d like to read about the study <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saldru.uct.ac.za\/projects\/current-projects\/activate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">you can find info here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>The CES-D Score<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Part of the data collection included questions from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/about\/publications\/caregivers\/practice-settings\/assessment\/tools\/depression-scale.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CES-D scale<\/a>, which is used as an indicator of depression. The CES-D score has been shown to be a good predictor of depression and is used frequently in literature on mental health. A high score indicates a greater likelihood and severity of clinical depression.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ll be using this as my main variable in my thesis, and will begin exploring how the program affected depression and how depression affected the program outcomes. Depending on the results, this could inform how to improve this program or others (e.g. by including a psychologist as part of the program team).<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Some interesting relationships<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>So today I looked at the relationships between the CES-D score and the descriptive variables. I ran a bunch of regressions and found a number of really interesting results, with some variables showing strong relationships with depression. Note, that these correlations do not imply causation, just a relationship. It is difficult to tell the direction of this relationship without further analysis. The relationships were as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Exercise<\/strong>: there was a small, positive relationship between frequency of exercise and depression. In other words, more exercise was linked to lower depression<\/li>\n<li><strong>Unemployment<\/strong>: an unemployed individual was predicted to have a higher level of depression. The magnitude was quite significant, with an increase of around 0.5 points on a 16 point scale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Present health:\u00a0<\/strong>a very strong predictor of depression was physical health, with those reporting better health expected to have much lower CES-D scores.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Smoking<\/strong>: This one was fascinating to me. It was by far the highest effect size of the variables I explored. If a person was a smoker they were predicted to be more depressed than a non smoker by around 1 point on the scale. Again, we can&#8217;t be sure of the causality but it&#8217;s still really interesting.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wanting to move neighbourhood<\/strong>: finally, I found a strong connection between depression and wanting to move. People who wanted to change the neighbourhood they lived in were predicted to have higher CES-D scores.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I think this is a great start, and has really made me excited about what else I might undercover in the data. I can&#8217;t wait to get back into it tomorrow<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Image was taken on the promenade during my run this afternoon.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<pre>Blog 58\/365. <a href=\"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/grind-time-prime-time\/\">Read more about my #365of25 journey here<\/a><\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack_subscription_widget\"><h2 class=\"widgettitle\">Subscribe to Blog via Email<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container\">\n\t\t\t<form action=\"#\" method=\"post\" accept-charset=\"utf-8\" id=\"subscribe-blog-1\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-blog=\"131483896\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post_access_level=\"everybody\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"subscribe-text\"><p>Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"subscribe-email\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label id=\"jetpack-subscribe-label\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"screen-reader-text\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfor=\"subscribe-field-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEmail Address\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\" required=\"required\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tvalue=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"subscribe-field-1\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tplaceholder=\"Email Address\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"subscribe-submit\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"action\" value=\"subscribe\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"source\" value=\"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"sub-type\" value=\"widget\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect_fragment\" value=\"subscribe-blog-1\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_wpnonce\" name=\"_wpnonce\" value=\"7fdbb23db7\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"submit\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-button__link\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"margin: 0; margin-left: 0px;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tname=\"jetpack_subscriptions_widget\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSubscribe\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today I spent some time exploring the data that I&#8217;ll be using for my thesis. I initially set a goal of an hour of work at around midday, but ended up doing about 3 hours. Instead of forcing the exploration, I gently meandered through, and once my set time was up I ended up continuing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":325,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Today's blog looks at some of the interesting initial relationships I've found in my data between depression and other variables","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Exploring the Data - Rowan Spazzoli<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/exploring-the-data\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exploring the Data - Rowan Spazzoli\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Today I spent some time exploring the data that I&#8217;ll be using for my thesis. 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Initial analysis seems to show that the Activate! program had a significant, postive impact on depression for male participants. Their CES-D scores at the end-line were predicted to to be lower than the control group. Although I\u2026","rel":"","context":"With 1 comment","block_context":{"text":"With 1 comment","link":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/observations-male-depression\/#comments"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/IMG_0528.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/IMG_0528.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/IMG_0528.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/IMG_0528.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/IMG_0528.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":952,"url":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/exploring\/","url_meta":{"origin":324,"position":1},"title":"Exploring","author":"rspazzoli","date":"June 29, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"NB: I know I'm a post behind... we've been venturing up the Portuguese coast and have had little time to write. Will write a double post tomorrow :) Over the last two days we've been exploring the south coast of Portugal, known as the Algarve. We've visited two cities, Lagos\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/img_9583.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/img_9583.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/img_9583.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/img_9583.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/img_9583.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1209,"url":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/being-at-peace-with-confusion\/","url_meta":{"origin":324,"position":2},"title":"Being at peace with confusion","author":"rspazzoli","date":"September 8, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Yesterday we hosted a \"changing paths\" workshop for students who were unsure of what they wanted to do after their degree. It's mainly focused on students who are on a set path, such as accounting, and are now thinking about doing something else. One of the mentors on the course\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/IMG_0265.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/IMG_0265.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/IMG_0265.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/IMG_0265.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/IMG_0265.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":515,"url":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/derailed-but-okay\/","url_meta":{"origin":324,"position":3},"title":"Derailed but okay","author":"rspazzoli","date":"February 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"On Friday my thesis efforts were completely derailed. I met with my supervisor and, while discussing my results, we realised there was a massive error in my data. The PhD student who started the initial work on the data set had accidentally dropped around 200 observations . And I'd been\u2026","rel":"","context":"With 7 comments","block_context":{"text":"With 7 comments","link":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/derailed-but-okay\/#comments"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IMG_1794.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IMG_1794.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IMG_1794.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IMG_1794.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/IMG_1794.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1025,"url":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/back-on-the-thesis-grind\/","url_meta":{"origin":324,"position":4},"title":"Back on the thesis grind","author":"rspazzoli","date":"July 22, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"In February this year, I was days away from submitting my thesis when a massive data problem meant that I had to reregister and redo most of the writeup. I was bleak but I was still motivated to continue. However, I'd scheduled a bunch of work to do post-thesis. This\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/IMG_9851.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/IMG_9851.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/IMG_9851.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/IMG_9851.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/IMG_9851.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":401,"url":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/rise-with-reason\/","url_meta":{"origin":324,"position":5},"title":"Rise with reason","author":"rspazzoli","date":"January 20, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"I'm not a morning person. And it's probably because my regular bedtime is between 1 and 2am, making an early start near impossible. Also, most days I don't need to be anywhere early, so I can afford to wake up between 8 and 10am. But over the last two days\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;#365of25&quot;","block_context":{"text":"#365of25","link":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/category\/365of25\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_0714.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_0714.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_0714.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_0714.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/img_0714.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=324"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":326,"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324\/revisions\/326"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rowanspazzoli.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}